Wound Treatment Associate (WTA) Practice Exam

Which layers make up the skin?

1. Epidermis and subcutaneous

2. Epidermis and dermis

3. Dermis and hypodermis

4. Epidermis and fascia

The correct answer is: Epidermis and dermis

The skin is primarily composed of two key layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against environmental factors such as pathogens, UV rays, and water loss. It is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells, with the outermost layer continuously shedding and being replenished. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and is much thicker, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. This layer provides strength, elasticity, and hydration to the skin through its collagen and elastin fibers, and it plays a crucial role in thermoregulation and sensation. While the subcutaneous layer (sometimes referred to as the hypodermis) does exist beneath the dermis, it consists of fat and connective tissue that help insulate the body and anchor the skin to underlying structures, rather than being considered a primary layer of the skin itself. Similarly, fascia serves to support and separate muscles and organs, which is not directly related to the structure of the skin layers. Understanding the distinct roles and components of the epidermis and dermis is essential for anyone working in wound treatment and skin care, as it informs the approach to healing and maintaining